“Then Peter arose and went with them. When he was come, they brought him into the upper chamber: and all the widows stood by him weeping…” (Acts 9:39, KJV)
Introduction
Joppa, known today as Jaffa, is one of the oldest port cities in the world and plays a quiet yet powerful role in the New Testament narrative. Situated on the Mediterranean coast, Joppa served as a gateway between Israel and the Gentile world. In the book of Acts, Joppa becomes a place where God begins to clearly break long-held Jewish boundaries and prepare the Church for its global mission. Understanding the culture and background of Joppa helps us see why God chose this city as a setting for key moments of revelation, resurrection, and redirection.
Geographic and Historical Background of Joppa
Joppa was located approximately 35 miles northwest of Jerusalem along the Mediterranean Sea. It was Israel’s primary seaport for centuries, mentioned as early as the Old Testament. Cedars from Lebanon used in Solomon’s Temple were shipped through Joppa (2 Chronicles 2:16). Its long history as a port made it a crossroads of commerce, ideas, and cultures.
By New Testament times, Joppa was under Roman control and heavily influenced by Greek and Roman customs. Merchants, sailors, and travelers from across the empire passed through the city. While it retained a Jewish population, it was far more culturally mixed than inland cities such as Jerusalem.
Cultural Environment in the New Testament Period
Joppa’s identity as a port city shaped its culture. It was a working city rather than a religious center. Trades such as fishing, tanning, and shipping were common. This explains why Simon Peter stayed with “one Simon a tanner” while in Joppa (Acts 9:43, KJV).
Tanning was considered an unclean occupation under Jewish law because it involved contact with dead animals. Tanners were often forced to live near the sea, away from strict religious communities. Peter’s willingness to lodge with a tanner shows that God was already softening his understanding of ceremonial boundaries before giving him the vision in Acts 10.
Joppa therefore represented a tension point between Jewish tradition and the expanding work of God. It was Jewish, yet influenced by Gentiles. It was familiar, yet uncomfortable. This made it a fitting place for spiritual transition.
Joppa and the Ministry of Peter
Joppa is most closely associated in the New Testament with the apostle Peter. Two major events occur there that shape the future of the Church.
First, Peter raises Tabitha (also called Dorcas) from the dead (Acts 9:36–42). Tabitha was known for good works and charity, especially toward widows. Her resurrection confirmed apostolic authority and caused “many [to] believe in the Lord” (Acts 9:42, KJV). This miracle established Joppa as a place of divine power and compassion.
Second, while still in Joppa, Peter receives the vision of the sheet lowered from heaven containing clean and unclean animals (Acts 10:9–16). This vision directly challenges Jewish dietary laws and prepares Peter to bring the gospel to Cornelius, a Gentile centurion. Though Cornelius lived in Caesarea, it was in Joppa that God spoke clearly to Peter.
Joppa thus becomes the launching point for the Church’s full embrace of the Gentile mission.
Spiritual Themes Connected to Joppa
Several spiritual themes emerge from Joppa’s New Testament role:
- Transition: Joppa marks a shift from a Jewish-centered gospel to a global one.
- Obedience: Peter obeys God even when the command challenges his lifelong beliefs.
- Preparation: God uses people, places, and circumstances to prepare His servants before major assignments.
- Breaking Barriers: Cultural, religious, and social walls begin to fall in Joppa.
This is especially significant when compared to Joppa’s Old Testament reputation as the city from which Jonah fled God’s command (Jonah 1:3). In contrast, Peter does not flee. He stays, listens, and obeys. What was once a city of disobedience becomes a city of surrender.
Conclusion
Joppa’s importance in the New Testament is not found in lengthy teachings or large crowds, but in quiet obedience and divine preparation. As a port city shaped by cultural diversity and practical labor, Joppa was the perfect setting for God to reveal that the gospel of Jesus Christ is for all people. Through Peter’s ministry, Joppa stands as a testimony that God often works at the margins—between comfort and challenge—to move His redemptive plan forward. The lessons from Joppa continue to speak clearly to the Church today: the mission of Christ knows no cultural or ethnic limits.