Introduction
The history of Israel’s monarchy begins with the reign of Saul, the son of Kish, of the tribe of Benjamin. His story is preserved in the Books of Samuel, where the nation of Israel, desiring to be like other nations, asked for a king to rule over them. Saul’s rise, reign, and fall are deeply instructive, revealing both the blessings of God’s anointing and the consequences of disobedience.
Saul’s Anointing and Early Reign
When the people of Israel requested a king, the prophet Samuel was grieved, for Israel already had the LORD as their King. Yet God permitted their request. In 1 Samuel 9, Saul is introduced as “a choice young man, and a goodly: and there was not among the children of Israel a goodlier person than he” (1 Samuel 9:2, KJV). Standing head and shoulders above the people, Saul’s physical stature reflected the people’s desire for a king who looked the part.
The LORD directed Samuel to anoint Saul privately (1 Samuel 10:1), saying, “Is it not because the LORD hath anointed thee to be captain over his inheritance?” Shortly afterward, God gave Saul “another heart” (1 Samuel 10:9), equipping him with the Spirit of God to lead. His public confirmation came when Samuel gathered the tribes, and Saul was chosen by lot (1 Samuel 10:21–24). The people shouted, “God save the king.”
Saul’s Early Victories
Saul’s reign began with success. When the Ammonites threatened Jabesh-gilead, “the Spirit of God came upon Saul” (1 Samuel 11:6). He swiftly rallied Israel, defeated the Ammonites, and secured the loyalty of the people. At this point, Saul’s reign reflected humility and courage, and Samuel led the people in renewing the kingdom at Gilgal (1 Samuel 11:14–15).
Saul’s Disobedience
Despite a strong beginning, Saul’s reign soon revealed a fatal flaw—disobedience to the word of the LORD. In 1 Samuel 13, when faced with a Philistine threat, Saul offered a burnt offering without waiting for Samuel. Samuel rebuked him, saying, “Thou hast done foolishly: thou hast not kept the commandment of the LORD thy God” (1 Samuel 13:13). Because of this, Saul’s dynasty was rejected: “the LORD hath sought him a man after his own heart” (1 Samuel 13:14).
Saul’s second major act of disobedience occurred in 1 Samuel 15, when he was commanded to utterly destroy Amalek. Instead, Saul spared King Agag and the best of the livestock. When confronted, Saul justified his actions by claiming the animals were for sacrifice. Samuel’s response is a timeless truth:
“Hath the LORD as great delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices, as in obeying the voice of the LORD? Behold, to obey is better than sacrifice, and to hearken than the fat of rams.” (1 Samuel 15:22).
Samuel then declared, “Because thou hast rejected the word of the LORD, he hath also rejected thee from being king” (1 Samuel 15:23).
Saul’s Jealousy and Decline
Following his disobedience, Saul’s reign descended into insecurity and jealousy. When David, the young shepherd, slew Goliath, the people praised him: “Saul hath slain his thousands, and David his ten thousands” (1 Samuel 18:7). Saul’s heart turned against David, and he sought to kill him repeatedly.
Saul’s spiritual decline was marked by his torment from an evil spirit (1 Samuel 16:14), his murder of the priests of Nob (1 Samuel 22:18–19), and his desperate consultation with the witch of Endor (1 Samuel 28:7–14). These acts revealed the depth of his estrangement from God.
Saul’s Death
Saul’s tragic end came in battle against the Philistines. Wounded at Mount Gilboa, Saul chose to fall upon his own sword rather than be captured (1 Samuel 31:4). His three sons, including Jonathan, also died that day. Thus ended the reign of Israel’s first king, a man once anointed of God, yet destroyed by disobedience and pride.
Conclusion
The life of King Saul is both inspiring and tragic. He was chosen by God, empowered by the Spirit, and given opportunities to lead Israel with greatness. Yet his failure to obey the word of the LORD led to his rejection. Saul’s story reminds believers of the importance of humility, obedience, and reliance upon God. As Samuel declared, “to obey is better than sacrifice” (1 Samuel 15:22). Saul’s rise and fall serves as a solemn warning and a timeless lesson for all who would lead God’s people.